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 Previous issues: (ESPAÑOL)

Number 1 / Sep 28, 2007
  - Which is the proper driving position? (1)
  - Using automatic transmissions
  - What is a vehicle policy good for?
Number 2 / Oct 4, 2007
  - Which is the proper driving position? (2)
  - What to do when the engine overheats
  - Evaluate and train drivers
Number 3 / Oct 11, 2007
  - How to brake correctly (1)
  - How to distribute load in trucks
  - The reasons why road research is necessary
Number 4 / Oct 18, 2007
  - How to brake correctly (2)
  - Tips to conserve the battery
  - Auditing vehicles
Number 5 / Oct 25, 2007
  - How to brake correctly (3)
  - How to maintain tires in good conditions?
  - Managing vehicle risk
Number 6 / Nov 1, 2007
  - How we adjust car mirrors?
  - How to prevent the engine from overheating?
  - Accidents study
Number 7 / Nov 8, 2007
  - Precautions when driving at night
  - Fifth Wheel and King Pin (1)
  - Trip planning, a combining tool
Number 8 / Nov 15, 2007
  - Braking with air brakes
  - Fifth Wheel and King Pin (2)
  - Repair shop audits
Number 9 / Nov 22, 2007
  - The overtake manoeuvre (1)
  - Tire maintenance (1)
  - 24hs driving safely recording
Number 10 / Nov 29, 2007
  - The overtake manoeuvre (2)
  - Tire maintenance (2)
  - Taking responsibility for the hired driving
Number 11 / Dec 6, 2007
  - Driving when it rains
  - Understanding tire markings
  - Access control
Number 12 / Dec 13, 2007
  - Driving with Anti Lock Braking System
  - Coupling system safety
  - Safe driving, Values and Culture
Number 13 / Dec 21, 2007
  - When it's better to avoid driving?
  - Safety chains for coupling systems
  - Management rules and certification
Number 14 / Dec 27, 2007
  - Overspeed brakes' trailers
  - Air conditioning maintenance
  - Where to start from
Number 15 / May 14, 2008
  - Driving Definition
  - Clutch maintenance
Number 16 / May 28, 2008
  - The Attitude's influence when driving
  - Gear box oil
Number 17 / Jun 11, 2008
  - Driving through curves
  - How to choose the best tires
Number 18 / Jun 25, 2008
  - Anxiety effects in driving
  - Maintained shock absorbers, safety vehicles
Number 19 / Jul 10, 2008
  - Driving backwards
  - Prepare your vehicle for cold weather
Number 20 / Jul 23, 2008
  - Sleeping well, better driving
  - Exhaust fumes colour diagnosis
Number 21 / Aug 6, 2008
  - How to ascend and descend slopes safely
  - The engine cooling system
Number 22 / Aug 20, 2008
  - Dysfunctional beliefs in women and men driving
  - Safe Load in Tank Trucks
Number 23 / Sep 3, 2008
  - Driving in the fog
  - Safe lights
Number 24 / Sep 17, 2008
  - Driving in the fog - Second part
  - Hydraulic brakes safe maintenance (1)
Number 25 / Oct 1, 2008
  - Bad habits and their influence in behaviour
  - Hydraulic brakes safe maintenance (2)
Number 26 / Oct 15, 2008
  - How we learn to drive
  - Reducing tire air pressure
Number 27 / Oct 29, 2008
  - Crossing junctions
  - Dangerous alterations and modifications on heavy vehicles
Number 28 / Nov 12, 2008
  - Driving and distraction
  - Common transmission failures
Number 29 / Nov 26, 2008
  - Two different ways of understanding "Driving"
  - Safe lights
Number 30 / Dec 10, 2008
  - Preventing distractions
  - Failures easy to be detected
Number 31 / Jan 14, 2009
  - "Accident", its definition
  - Electronic Stability Control
Number 32 / Jan 28, 2009
  - Fatigue, the driving enemy
  - The steering on vehicles
Number 33 / Feb 11, 2009
  - Perceptual phenomena
  - Steering regulation
Number 34 / Feb 25, 2009
  - Car drivers and bikers, an intelligent coexistence
  - Progress in steering systems
Number 35 / Mar 11, 2009
  - Wrong horn usage
  - How the clutch works
Number 36 / 25 Mar, 2009
  - Driving in snowy roads
  - Clutch maintenance
Number 37 / 8 Abr, 2009
  - Understanding signposting
  - Expiring dates
Number 38 / 22 Abr, 2009
  - Rage control
  - The importance of the engine's torque when driving (1)
Number 39 / 6 May, 2009
  - Can we improve our driving techniques?
  - The importance of the engine's torque when driving (2)
Number 40 / 20 May, 2009
  - Driving and antidepressants, a dangerous combination
  - Correct 4x4 transmissions usage
Number 41 / 3 Jun, 2009
  - The attention degree can be improved
  - Maintenance: the key to extend the engine's service life
Manejo Inteligente Manejo Inteligente
 www.drivingconsultancy.com
Info Manejo October 15, 2008
 number 26
We are sending you the 26th INFO MANEJO's issue. Today you will learn why the recommended tire aire pressure must be followed and how is the learning process.

We also invite you to visit our new web site where you will find previous INFO MANEJO issues, in their Spanish and English versions.

Manejo
    How we learn to drive
One of the definitions of Psychology is to consider it as a science that studies the mind. It works with what is seen from the individual, his behaviors and responses, which is why this discipline is closely related to the learning-teaching process, in our case, driving. Behavior and responses study allow us to understand how these originate or change, while measuring different reactions to a situation. Like a little boy learning to sum or subtract, later he will be able to solve a non end number of problems, without using nothing new and repeating the habit acquired before.

However, some kind of learning require much more than repeating old habits; inventiveness, reasoning and creativity, among others, are also necessary to learn how to drive a vehicle. Learning how to drive, as any new physical and/or psychical implies that all movements are related and thoughts coordinated, and is based on a comprehension structure, using feedback to learn from mistakes, allowing improvement instances.

According to Fitts and Posner, psychologists from the Oregon University, learning any psycho motor skill is a sequential process and consists of three specific phases, which we will exemplify with the driving skill:

1st Stage - Cognitive:

+ We identify new related actions and we form a mental image about the driving activity.

+ During this phase, we make a lot of mistakes while trying to control movements that seem to be simple and nevertheless, will be difficult, as these actions were never done before, e.g.: start the vehicle in a gentle and progressive way, pressing the accelerator and the clutch at the same time.

+ In this stage is convenient that the learner is provided with a friendly environment, without practicing on the streets.

+ However, is essential to demand the learner for quality movements and actions, if he does not do it, we will favor bad habits incorporation.

2nd Stage - Associative:

+ Improvements are seen and evident.

+ We will learn more complex techniques and movements will be more efficient.

+ We can practice maneuvers and driving in low traffic streets accompanied by our instructor.

+ When we finish this stage we will know how to move the vehicle competently and we will be more aware of the committed faults.

+ The previous errors' correction will be eased and we will know why they were committed. After acknowledge them we can work to improve each particular situation.

3rd Stage - Autonomous:

+ Techniques and skills learned are incorporated and automated by the learner.

+ Distractions are ignored and we are able to focus on peripheral tactics and strategies, e.g. anticipation capacity.

+ Attention needed diminishes in this stage, self confidence increases and almost no errors are committed. These items can be learned: driving in high traffic roads, avenues and routes; surpassing with different difficulty levels.

Intelligent Driving considers that learning a skill is done through three stages, it is important to know them to acquire good habits from the beginning.

  Manejo
    Reducing tire air pressure
Driving gurus when they talk about intrepid drivers, they recommend young people to reduce tire pressure. In this way, generation after generation the mistaken belief is transmitted: if we reduce tire air pressure, this will allow more comfort for tough roads such as grave, and more roadholding, when there is ice or low adherence conditions.

It is important that we know and understand what really happens when we drive with low tire air pressure:

+   High interior temperatures that surpass safe limits cause a premature damage and even the frame unexpectedly.
+   If the vehicle cannot be controlled due to the lack of adherence, after the logical sliding, the tire comes out of the rim, which is more dangerous because it might lose stability, in the majority of the cases it leads to turn over.
+   Tire adrift excess when driving through curves with low air pressure produces changes, modifying the normal sketch, making control difficult even at low speed.
+   The wheel can also be removed from the rim even at medium or high speed, causing control loss.

Some recommendations:

In order to have more steering control, light vehicle tires must be inflated with the manufacturers recommended pressure.

To identify these pressures look at the user manual, in the stickers in the driver's door, in the parasol, etc.

Pick ups with load, use the exact manufacturer's recommendation to drive with load.

Always verify tires air pressure, or ask someone to do it for you. Remember that it must be done in cold or at leas waiting 10 to 15 minutes after stopping the vehicle.



If you measure the pressure in hot, it is possible that the gauge indicates between 10 to 20 % more recommended pressure. This is because the air inside is hot. Do not correct the pressure reducing it, because when the air cools, it will level automatically.

Remember that the recommended pressure, besides from lengthening the tire's service life, it holds to the road better, it gives an optimum steering control and it prevents the tire getting out of the rim, even in extreme maneuvers.

For heavy vehicles, all these situations are a aggravated, because some factors such as each axis weigh, height of tire laterals, high air pressure, unstable forces, gravity centers very high, liquid load, etc.

Apart from the general recommendations, for heavy vehicles we should also check the air pressure the manufacturers tire recommend and are clearly written in the tire laterals, even in the dual tires.

Observe that the measure unit is PSI (pound x inch 2), kg. (kilos x cm2), bar and use only a gauge that coincides.

Real examples: route 26, between Valle Hermoso y C° Dragón, speed below 24km/h.

In both cases the wheels are removed from the rim. This helped the vehicle to turn over when the rim crashes with the road.

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Driving Consultancy - Av. Rivadavia 2031 - 3º 6 - CABA - Argentina - info@drivingconsultancy.com - (54 11) 4951-3274